#SPINE ANATOMY FREE#
All 3B Smart Anatomy features are completely free of charge for you. The Vertebrae Each bony unit of the spine is called a vertebra vertebrae is the plural form of the word. To unlock these benefits, simply scan the label located on your model and register online.
#SPINE ANATOMY TRIAL#
TIP: You will also receive access to a free 3-day trial to all premium features of the Complete Anatomy app when you sign up for your 3B Smart Anatomy course.
#SPINE ANATOMY UPGRADE#
Bonus: FREE warranty upgrade from 3 to 5 years with every product registration.The 3B Smart Anatomy course includes 23 digital anatomy lectures, 117 different virtual anatomy models and 39 anatomy quizzes to test your knowledge.Free access to the anatomy course 3B Smart Anatomy, hosted inside the award-winning Complete Anatomy app by 3D4Medical.Spinal column delivered on flexible stand.Įvery original 3B Scientific anatomy model now includes these additional FREE features: This quality thoracic spinal column is affordable and anatomically correct. This spinal replica consists of the 12 thoracic vertebrae with intervertebral discs, thoracic nerves and spinal cord. Chemistry Experiments and Chemistry Kits.Parasitic, Viral or Bacterial Infection.Dorsal and ventral roots merge, exit the intervertebral foramina to become spinal nerves. Ventral roots contain axons from motor brain and spinal cord to the periphery. The ganglia contain the sensory neurons whose axons travel into the spinal cord via the dorsal roots. Each level of the spinal cord is associated with a pair of dorsal root ganglia, located outside the cord. These axons transmit information along the spinal cord. The white matter is located outside the grey matter and is made of myelinated motor and sensory axons. The grey matter also contains neurons projecting their axons to mediate autonomic control of the visceral organs. Motor neurons of the ventral horn project their axons to innervate skeletal and smooth muscles that control voluntary and involuntary reflexes. The lateral projections of the grey matter are called horns. The grey matter, with a butterfly shape located in the centre of the cord, contains the interneurons and motor neurons. This anatomy section promotes the use of the Terminologia Anatomica, the international standard of anatomical nomenclature. This fluid is produced in brain cavities (the ventricles) to cushion both the brain and spinal cord. Spinal anatomy encompasses the anatomy of all osseous and soft tissue structures of the spine, the spinal cord and its supporting structures. Similar to the brain, the spinal cord is enclosed by a membrane, the meninges, and is embedded in a liquid, the cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal canal plays the important role to direct and protect the spinal cord. It has a length of 40-50 cm and a diameter of approximately 1-1.5 cm. It runs from the skull, through the spinal canal up to the first lumbar vertebra. The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves originating from the brain reaching out to the limbs and internal organs. Many nerve endings supply the annulus and, as a result, an injury to the annulus causes pain and neurological symptoms. The annulus maintains the strength of the spine and acts as shock absorber. In standing position the weight draws onto the nucleus allowing it to expand whilst the ring will keep it in place. It consists of several layers, similar to elastic bands, which adapt to vertebral movements.
Nucleus pulposus located at the centre filled with a jelly-like material providing flexibility and strength.Īnnulus Fibrosus is the flexible outer ring of the disc. They are flat and round, with a thickness of about a half-inch and are made up of two parts: It is made up of several vertebral bodies usually fused together as one. Because of their position, the intervertebral discs prevent friction between the vertebrae. The bottom of the spine is called the sacrum. They are very important structures for the The intervertebral discs are positioned between the vertebrae to absorb the stress of the spine and facilitate the movement. The rim of the body is thicker to provide a concave form. The anatomy of the vertebrae includes a body with a large oval shape made by the strongest bone structure. The spinal cord runs through the center of the vertebral column and terminates in the conus medullaris at the level. The spinal cord in this region has protection from five durable and mobile vertebrae (L1-L5) that allow for the dispersion of axial forces. The cavity in the centre, or foramen, is only present in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and is occupied by the spinal cord and its nerves. The lumbar spine comprises the lower end of the spinal column between the last thoracic vertebra (T12) and the first sacral vertebra (S1). They are round-shaped bones piled up to form the spinal column. The vertebrae are the main constituents of the spine.
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